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Initially the London Underground was built using the "cut and cover" technique. However, it was not possible to cross the Thames until the rotary digger shield was invented, enabling deep-level tunnels to be bored. The cylindrical shape of the resulting tunnels gave rise to the London Underground's common name - the Tube.
The painter and printmaker Lill Tschudi was born in Switzerland in 1911. Impressed by the work of Norbertine Bresslern-Roth, she studied linocut (which was to remain her favorite medium) at the Grosvenor School of Modern Art in London, then went to Paris to study with Gino Severini and Fernand Léger. Inspired by technology, speed and modern life, she completed some sixty linocuts in the 1930s dealing mainly with sport, work and the London Underground. In the postwar years, she turned towards abstract art, telling her mentor Claude Flight that the war had destroyed her ability to depict humanity in an optimistic light. In 1986, she was awarded the Swiss national print prize for her life's work. She died in 2004.